Farmer First Revisited
نویسندگان
چکیده
Looking back to look forward In July 1987, some 50 social and natural scientists of roughly equal numbers met at the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) at the University of Sussex, UK, for a workshop on ‘Farmers and Agricultural Research: Complementary Methods', later more generally known as the „Farmer First' workshop (Chambers et al, 1989). That event marked a key moment in the development of approaches to farmer participation in agricultural research and extension, drawing together experiences from a diverse range of individuals and organisations from both North and South. Since then, methodological, institutional and policy experiments have unfolded around the world, aimed at „putting farmers first‟.
منابع مشابه
Does Fiscal Policy Matter? Blinder and Solow Revisited
This paper uses the old Keynesian representative agent model developed by Roger E. A. Farmer [Expectations, Employment and Prices. New York: Oxford University Press (2010)] to answer two questions: (1) Do increased government purchases crowd out private consumption? (2) Do increased government purchases reduce unemployment? Farmer compared permanent tax-financed expenditure paths and showed tha...
متن کاملCross-Linguistic Transfer Revisited: The Case of English and Persian
The present study sought to investigate the evidence for cross-linguistic transfer in a partial English immersion and non-immersion educational setting. To this end, a total of 145 first, third and fifth graders in a partial English immersion program and 95 students from the same grade levels in a non-immersion program were chosen. Six different English and Persian tests were administered: the ...
متن کاملSOLVING FUZZY LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS WITH LINEAR MEMBERSHIP FUNCTIONS-REVISITED
Recently, Gasimov and Yenilmez proposed an approach for solving two kinds of fuzzy linear programming (FLP) problems. Through the approach, each FLP problem is first defuzzified into an equivalent crisp problem which is non-linear and even non-convex. Then, the crisp problem is solved by the use of the modified subgradient method. In this paper we will have another look at the earlier defuzzifi...
متن کاملCommunication Strategies Revisited: Looking beyond Interactional and Psycholinguistic Perspectives
Second language (L2) communication strategies (CSs) have traditionally been dealt with through either interactional or psychological perspectives. However, this paper is a critical attempt to question the status of the particular kinds of psycholinguistic and interactional approaches that currently dominate the field of second language acquisition (SLA). In this way, it expands the significance...
متن کاملThe Nash Equilibrium Revisited: Chaos and Complexity Hidden in Simplicity
1 The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the Santa Fe Institute in providing the materials from which the majority of this paper has been drawn. In particular, thanks are due to Thomas Kepler, Vice President for Academic Affairs and J. Doyne Farmer, whose theoretical breakthroughs and continuing efforts to bridge the disciplinary gap between physics and finance have helped to make...
متن کامل